Test |
Frequency |
Goal |
Notes |
My
Results |
Dec02 |
Mar03 |
Jun03 |
Sep03 |
Dec03 |
Mar04 |
Weight |
3
months |
below
1801bs |
Pay attention
to diet and exercise |
200 |
202 |
200 |
200 |
203 |
200 |
Fasting
Blood Suger |
3
months |
4.0-7.0
mmol/L |
Also premeal
target (nondiabetic: 3.8-6.1); postmeal target is 5-11 mmol/L
(nondiabetic: 4.4-7.0) |
7.4 |
6.9 |
8.1 |
7.7 |
6.3 |
6.9 |
Meter
Check |
3
months |
Within
10% |
Check
meter within 10 minutes of lab samples (-5.8%) |
6.7 |
6.4 |
8.3 |
- |
6.5 |
6.5 |
Glycated
Hemoglobin (HbA1c) |
3
months |
Below
6% |
Indicates
level of blood glucose control over past 3 months and is based on
life of RBC. According to the UKPDS,
complications start at levels above 6.2, also see Rick Mendosa's
A1c
< 7 article; efforts to decrease HbA1c may lead to increased
risk of hypoglycemia |
5.7 |
5.9 |
6.0 |
5.7 |
6.0 |
5.8 |
Blood
Pressure |
3
months |
Below
125/75 |
Inhibace
tends to lower pressure |
110/70 |
125/85 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cholesterol |
3
months |
< 5.2 |
Cholesterol
is a lipid that resides in cells and is a precursor of bile acids
and steroid hormones. High levels can cause narrowing or blockage
of blood vessals which may lead to a heart attack or stroke. Low level
may indicate liver problems |
5.24 |
4.87 |
4.78 |
4.88 |
5.58 |
5.46 |
Triglycerides
(TG) |
3
months |
< 2.0 |
Triglycerides
(or VLDL) make up 10-15% of cholesterol and are lipoproteins that
provide a major reserve of energy for the body. High level associated
with heart disease; can be reduced by:
losing weight, eating less animal fat, eating more fish, and eating
less carbohydrates |
1.98 |
1.81 |
0.98 |
1.69 |
2.47 |
1.66 |
LDL |
3
months |
< 2.5 |
LDL makes
up 60-70% of cholesterol and is bad because cholesterol deposits form
in arteries when LDL levels are high |
3.13 |
2.91 |
3.14 |
2.94 |
3.14 |
3.56 |
HDL |
3
months |
> 1.2 |
HDL makes
up 20-30% of cholesterol and is good because higher levels protects
against heart disease by helping to remove excessive arterial cholesterol
deposits |
1.20 |
1.13 |
1.19 |
1.16 |
1.31 |
1.14 |
Cholestorol/HDL
|
3
months |
<
3.5 |
Important
predictor in determining risk of coronary atery disease |
4.37 |
4.31 |
4.02 |
4.21 |
4.26 |
4.79 |
Serum
Creatinine |
3
months |
60-110
µmol/L |
Creatinine
is a waste product released from muscle tissues and excreted from
the kidneys. Used to check intake of fluid or high protein food, muscle
or nerve damage, kidney failure. High level can indicate dehydration
or kidney problems. High level of creatinine in blood associated with
decreased level in urine. Creatinine measured in urine is more accurate |
108 |
104 |
109 |
106 |
109 |
114 |
Sodium |
- |
135-145
mmol/L |
Sodium,
potassium, and chloride are electrolytes and salts from them carry
an electric charge that enables the heart, nerves, and muscles to
work properly. Sodium is regulated by the kidneys and adrenal glands.
Signs of high level: thirst, hypertension, shortness of breath; avoid
eating too much salt (canned vegetables, potatoe chips, bacon, etc) |
139 |
- |
- |
- |
143 |
- |
Potassium
(K+) |
- |
3.3 -
5.1 mmol/L |
Potassium
is controlled by the kidneys; it is important for the proper functioning
of nerves and muscles, especially the heart. High level may indicate
kidney failure or problems with heartbeat and too much acid in the
blood. Sign of high level: extreme weakness prior to heart attack;
avoid foods high in potassium (bananas, oranges, potatoes, beans,
nuts) |
4.9 |
- |
- |
- |
4.5 |
- |
Chloride |
- |
95-108
mmol/L |
Excessive
thirst is a sign of a high level (avoid canned vegetables, potatoe
chips, bacon, luncheon meats (bologna, salami, etc) |
102 |
- |
- |
- |
100 |
- |
CK
(creatine kinase) |
3
months |
<225µ/L |
Early
predictor of heart attack risk |
97 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
AST
(aspartate aminotransferase) |
3
months |
<37µ/L |
High level
indicates liver disorders |
27 |
29 |
- |
20 |
23 |
22 |
ALT
(alanine aminotransferase) |
- |
<41µ/L |
Liver
disease |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alkaline
Phosphatase |
- |
40-122
µ/L |
High level
indicates presence of a variety of liver diseases |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bilirubin
Total |
- |
0-22 µmol/L |
High level
indicate liver and gallbladder disease, sometimes producing jaundice |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hemoglobin
(HGB) |
- |
135-170
g/L |
Indicates
ability of RBC to carry oxygen from lungs throughout body; low level
indicates anemia caused by nutritional deficiences, blood loss, internal
destruction of blood cells, failure to produce blood in bone marrow;
high level associated with lung disease or excessive blood cell production
by bone marrow |
152 |
- |
- |
- |
162 |
- |
Hematocrit
(HCT) |
- |
0.35-0.49
l/l |
Measures
percentage of red blood cells in the blood. Low level indicates anaemia;
high level indicates dehydration. Signs of abnormal values: fatigue,
shortness of breath, chest pain during exertion (may indicate heart
disease) |
0.45 |
- |
- |
- |
0.47 |
- |
RBC |
- |
4.20-5.70
x 10e12/L |
Red blood
cells (RBC) transport hemoglobin which, in turn, transport oxygen
throughout the body; they survive for about 120 days. High count may
indicate dehydration, heart or kidney disease, or high Erythropoietin
level. Low count may indicate anemia, bone marrow failure, malnutrition,
low Erythropoietin level; or iron, folate, B12, or B6 deficiencies |
5.07 |
- |
- |
- |
5.42 |
- |
|
- |
80-97
fl |
Average
size of red blood cells; low value suggests iron deficiency, a high
value B12 or Folate deficiency |
89 |
- |
- |
- |
86 |
- |
MCH |
- |
27-32
pg |
Hemoglobin
amount per red blood cell |
30 |
- |
- |
- |
30 |
- |
MCHC |
- |
320-360
g/L |
Hemoglobin
amount per average red blood cell |
336 |
- |
- |
- |
347 |
- |
|
- |
11.5-15.5 |
Red blood
cell distribution width |
14.0 |
- |
- |
- |
14.9 |
- |
WBC |
- |
4.0-11.0
x 10e9/L |
White
blood count (WBC); high level associated with infection, leukemia,
and severe emotional or physical stress; low level associated with
bone marrow failure, and liver or spleen diseases |
8.8 |
- |
- |
- |
10.5 |
- |
Platelets
(PLT) |
- |
145-400
x 10e9/L |
Platelets
are very small cells, produced in bone marrow, in the blood that clump
together at sites of injury to blood vessals; a low count indicates
vulnerablity to bleeding; a high count indicates vunerability to blood
clots, usually associated with bone marrow failure from diseases such
as leukaemia or myelofibrosis |
305 |
- |
- |
- |
315 |
- |
|
- |
1.8-7.0
x 10e9/L |
40-60%
of WBCs. High count may indicate infection, cancer, arthritis, or
stress |
4.9 |
- |
- |
- |
6.09 |
- |
Lymphocytes |
- |
1.0-3.2
x 10e9/L |
20-40%
of WBCs. Fight infections and provide immunity to certain diseases.
Produced in bone marrow and by lymph glands, spleen, tonsils, and
the thymus gland. They move between the lymph system and the blood.
In addition to producing antibodies, they also function as regulators
of immune responses. Low count may indicate AIDS |
2.8 |
- |
- |
- |
3.15 |
- |
Monocytes |
- |
0.0-0.8
x 10e9/L |
2-8% of
WBCs. High count indicates infection due to bacteria |
0.6 |
- |
- |
- |
0.74 |
- |
Eosinophils |
- |
0.0-0.4
x 10e9/L |
1-4% of
WBCs. High count indicates allergies, skin disease, or parasitic infections |
0.4 |
- |
- |
- |
0.53 |
- |
Basophils |
- |
0.0-0.2
x 10e9/L |
0.5-1%
of WBCs. Releases histamine to increase blood supply and attract other
white blood cells to an infected area. Low count may indicate allergic
reaction |
0.1 |
- |
- |
- |
0.11 |
- |
Microalbumin
(Urine)
|
Annual |
<30 mg/day |
Albumin makes up
50% of protein in blood. Test checks for kidney disease. Transient
high levels during collection period can be caused by: exercise,
fever, infections, hypertension |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
26
|
Microalb/Creat (Urine) |
Annual |
<2.0 mg/mmol |
Checks for kidney
disease |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1.4
|
Microalbumin
(Urine-24
hour) |
Annual |
<30
mg/day |
- |
19 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Microalb/Creat (Urine-24 hour) |
Annual |
<2.0
mg/mmol |
Checks
for kidney disease |
1.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Urine
Volume
(Urine-24 hour) |
Annual |
600-1800mL/day |
Checks
for kidney disease |
1700 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Urine
Creatinine
(Urine 24 hour) |
Annual |
7.1-15.9
mmol/day |
Checks
for kidney disease; high level can indicate high level of protein
in diet |
19.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Urine
Protein
(Urine-24 hour) |
Annual |
<0.15
g/day |
Checks
for kidney disease |
0.10 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Homocysteine |
Annual |
<8µmol/L
(lab usually shows 15 as OK) |
The major cause of death of diabetics is heart disease. High levels
of plasma homocysteine
(an amino acid) are associated with heart disease |
5.0 |
- |
- |
- |
6.0 |
- |
Prostrate-specific antigen (PSA)
|
Annual |
<2.5ng/mL
|
Diabetic
men are more susceptible to benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostrate cancer and should have
an annual digital rectal examination (DRE)
and
PSA test. Biopsy needed if PSA > 2.5 |
1.50 |
- |
- |
- |
1.7 |
- |
Thyroid
-stimulating Hormone Test (sTSH) |
5
years |
0.35-5.00
mU/L |
TSH is
a protein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and regulates the
thyroid gland. Checks for hypothyroidism which can have a major impact
on the body's use of fats, proteins, carbs, vitamins, other hormones
& drugs. High value can indicate: an underactive thyroid gland
or pituitary gland problem; low value can indicate an overactive thyroid
gland or damage to the pituitary gland |
1.78 |
- |
- |
- |
2.55 |
- |
Flu
Vaccine |
Annual |
-
|
Diabetics
are in the high risk category for contracting influenza, which is
highly contagious & usually results in a cough, fever, chills,
sore throat, headache, muscle aches & fatigue that lasts 3-5 days;
but it can also lead to pneumonia, hospital, & death |
Nov2202 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pneumococcal
vaccine |
Once
with one-time boost after 5 years |
Mar1501 |
Diabetics
are in the high risk category for contracting pneumococcal disease,
which can cause bacterial meningitis, blood infection (sepsis), bacterial
pneumonia, & upper respiratory tract infections such as ear infection
(acute otitis media) & sinusitis |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Testosterone |
5
years |
8-37
nmol/L |
May
affect sex drive & energy levels; decreases with age; may need
to replace |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Testoterone
Bio Availability (or Free) |
5
years |
3-12 nmol/L
|
Normal
level for age |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Eye
Exam
(Dr Lixen Chungphaisan) |
Annual
|
- |
Ophthalmologist
to check for retinopathy, cataracts, glaucoma. Nov00: blurred
long-distance vision. Nov01 & Dec02: no sign of problems.
Prescription (sphere, cylnder, axis, add): OD
-0.25 , -0.25, 080, +2.25; OS +0.25,
0, 0, +2.25. |
Dec3002 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Eyes |
Daily |
- |
Pay attention
to blurred vision, frequent headaches, inability to see in dark, floating
spots, colored rings or halos, decrease in side vision |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Blood
Glucose |
6/day |
Fast
& premeal : < 6mmol/L Postmeal:
< 9mmol/L |
Record
all test results.
Follow Zone diet. Exercise
daily. Don't eat if level above 6mmol/L |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Feet
|
Daily |
- |
Inspect
for loss of sensation, cuts, abrasions, corns, calluses, warts |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Teeth
and mouth |
Daily |
- |
Pay attention
to swollen or sore gums, bad breath, painful or loose teeth. Clean
teeth and floss twice/day. Clean dentures daily. See dentist every
6 months. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cardiovascular |
Daily |
- |
Watch
for chest pain (tightness or burning), unexplained tiredness, shortness
of breath, ankle swelling |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nerves |
Daily |
- |
Pay attention
to any numbness, tingling, or unusual pains |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |