Diabetes Type 2: Supplements

The following information is not prescriptive. Before taking any supplement, seek the advice of your MD (Medical Doctor) or ND (Naturopathic Doctor) and carefully monitor your blood glucose levels (immediately before and after all meals). Train yourself to be aware of how you react to stress and how you feel when your blood glucose level is low or high. Ensure that your quarterly and annual laboratory blood tests are performed. Follow your diet and exercise programs.

While heredity may predispose, Type 2 Diabetes is essentially a nutritional disease that affects our ability to metabolise the food we eat and causes our body to age faster; treatment must improve our metabolism and slow down the aging process. Effective treatment involves minimizing the damage already caused by the disease, feeding the diseased body with the correct nutrients to prevent further damage, and creating an evironment in which the body can heal itself. Eating a wide variety of foods is the best, and most balanced, way to provide all the nutrients your body needs. However, due to farming, processing, storage, delivery, and cooking methods, many of the natural nutrients in our food are destroyed. In addition, diabetes also causes a depletion of essential vitamins which no amount of food can replace. Hence the need for supplements. I've identified which supplements might be of benefit to Type 2 Diabetics and noted the safe therapeutic dosage ranges and possible benefits.

I started taking the supplements listed on June 1, 2001. These supplements are a refinement of those I was taking during January, February, March, April, and May. I'm also striving to reduce the supplements I take to those with the maximum possible benefit at the lowest possible cost. With guidance from my MD/ND, I plan to review and refine my supplement choices and dosages on a monthly basis.

Supplement (click on for details)	Source	Dosage			Notes (supplements taken after breakfast & dinner)
Supplement (click on for details)	Source	Total	am	pm	Notes (supplements taken after breakfast & dinner)
Metformin (Glucophage)	500mg tablet	500mg	-	1	Range: 500-3000mg. Metformin is a biguanide oral agent that lowers blood glocose by preventing the liver from overproducing glucose and lowers the insulin resistance of muscle and fat cells so that they can assimulate insulin better. Metformin also reduces the amount of fat and cholesterol (blood lipids) produced by the liver. Weight loss is associated with larger dosages of Metformin. Side effects: short-term nausea and diarrhea. May cause lactic acidosis (symptoms-very weak or tired, unusual muscle pain or stomach discomfort). Jan05: reduced from 1000mg to 500mg.
Inhibace (Cilazapril)	5mg tablet	5mg	-	1	Prescribed as an ACE inhibitor to help slow down further worsening of my kidney problem. Usually prescribed, however, to lower blood pressure. Increased risk of potassium levels in the body becoming too high, or increased effect of insulin on control of blood glucose. Symptoms of too much potassium: confusion; irregular heartbeat; nervousness; numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or lips; shortness of breath or difficulty breathing; weakness or heaviness of legs. Mar15: On advice of MD, increased to 10mg/day.
Paxil (Paroxetine)	20mg tablet	20mg	-	1	Range: 10-60mg. Prescribed to treat mood swings. PAXIL belongs to a group of medicines known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). These medicines are thought to work by increasing the activity of the chemical serotonin in the brain. Takes a few weeks to work and should be stopped by gradually reducing dose. Side effects: decreased sexual desire; increased sweating; trouble in sleeping; unusual tiredness and weakness. Withdrawal symptoms: agitation, dizziness and lightheadedness, headache. Feb01: Reduced from 20mg to 10mg. Feb12: Stopped. Feb16: Started again at 20mg/day.
Multivitamin	Quest Super Once a Day Timed Release Feb17: Investigating Glucovite use. Apr01: not available in Canada, if it was, I would use it	-	1	-	Ingredients: A-10,000iu; D-400iu; E-50iu; C-150mg; B1-50mg; B2-50mg; B3 (Niacin)-50mg; Pantothenic Acid-50mg; B6-50mg; Folic Acid-0.2mg; B12-50mcg; Biotin-50mcg; Choline-50mg; Inositol-50mg; Calcium-125mg; Magnesium-100mg; Phosphorus-50mg; Potassium-50mg; Iron-15mg; Zinc-10mg; Manganese-1mg; Copper-1mg; Iodine-0.1mg; Selenium-25mcg; Chromium-25mcg; PABA-50mg; Citrus bioflavonoids-25mg; Lecithin-6mg; Betaine-12mg; Hesperidin-10mg; Papain-2mg; Rutin-2mg; L-Cysteine-0.6mg
Burdock & Dandelion	Quest formula Feb13: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics	-	-	-	Ingredients: Burdock Root-90mg; Dandelion Root-90mg; Oregon Grape Root-90mg; Red Clover Blossoms-90mg; Echinacea Angustifolio Root-30mg; Yellow Dock Root-30mg; Cayenne-20mg; Kelp-20mg; Licorice Root-5mg
Chromium & Vanadium	Natural Factors 125mcg	-	-	-	Ingredients: Chromium GTF-100mcg; Vanadium-25mcg. Jun01: Dropped but increased Chromium dosage
Diabetic Nutrition and Vision Nutrition	Progressive Research Labs	-	-	-	Feb20: Investigating possible use of these products; however, they are not available in Canada
GlucoBalance	Natural Factors Feb17: Investigating possible replacement by SISU Balance or Thorne Diabinil. Apr01: Diabinil best formula, but not available in Canada	-	-	-	Ingredients: Gymnema Sylvestre-135mg, Bitter Melon-125mg, Alpha Lipoic Acid-75mg, Fenugreek-50mg, Ginkgo Biloba-30mg. Jun01: Dropped but added Alpha Lipoic Acid Feb17: SISU Balance (contains Gymnema Sylvestre-100mg, Bitter Melon-500mg, Panax Ginseng-100mg) Thorne Diabinil (contains Chromium-100mcg, Vanadyl Sulfate-3mg, Gymnema Sylvestre-200mg, Bilberry-80mg, Bitter Melon-75mg, Quercetin-400mg, Alpha Lipoic Acid-100mg)
Glucovite	TheraNutria Feb17: Investigating as possible replacement for multivitamin, Chromium & Vanadium, and Glucosol supplements	-	-	-	Ingredients: (6 tablets): A-7500iu (67% Beta-Carotene, 33% Vit A Palmitate), C-1000mg, D3-400iu, E-400iu, K1-40mcg, Thiamine-4.5mg, Riboflavin-3.4mg, Niacin-40mg (50% Niacin, 50% Niacinamide), B6-10mg, Folic Acid-600mcg, B12-60mcg, Biotin-200mcg, Pantothenic Acid-20mg, Calcium-300mg, Magnesium-200mg, Iron-3.6mg, Iodine-150mcg, Zine-15mg, Copper-2mg, Manganese-4mg, Selenium-140mcg, Chromium-600mcg, Molybdenum-75mcg, Boron-3mg, Silicon-3mg, Vanadium-100mcg, Citrus Bioflavonoids-10mg, Quercetin-10mcg, Glucosol Banaba Leaf Extract-48mg, Alpha-Lipoic Acid-100mg. Mar08: Can't get in Canada; if it was, I would use it
Eye Factors	Natural Factors	-	1	1	Ingredients: Eyebright-100mg, Bilberry-50mg, FloraGlo Lutein-40mg, multi-anthocyanidinis-15mg, Carrot Juice Powder-25mg, Rutin-25mg, Quercetin-25mg. Apr01: Started
Vitamin A	multivit	10,000iu	-	-	Maximum:10,000iu. Necessary for new cell growth, slows the aging process, essential for utilization of protein. Some indications that Diabetics may have problems in using Beta-Carotene. Sources: liver, dairy products, carrots, kale, sweet potatoes, parsley, and spinach.
Aloe Vera	Lily of the Desert Organic Juice	15mL (14g)	-	-	Range: 800-1600mg or 1 tablespoon of juice twice daily. I've used Aloe Vera gel for the treatment of burns, wound infections, and other skin problems. I was surprised to learn that Aloe Vera Juice can be taken orally to improve blood glucose control. Apr18: Started taking 1tbsp/day. May05: Dropped because I didn't notice any benefit (and I didn't like the taste).
Alpha Lipoic Acid (Thioctic Acid)	Organika 50mg	100mg	1	1	Range: 300-600mg. Fat-soluble antioxidant that decreases free radical damage in nerve cells and acts an enzyme co-factor used in energy metabolism. May lower blood suger by improving utilization of glucose. Sources: healthy body makes enough, but diabetes causes deficiency; liver and yeast contain some but supplement needed. Jun01: Reduced from 150 to 100mg/day (dropped GlucoBalance)
Apple Cider Vinegar	Natures Harmony 500mg	500mg	-	1	Feb 13: Investigating possible benefit to Type 2 Diabetics. Promotes improved digestion, metabolism, and a balanced acid-alkaline environment in the body. Apr18: Started taking 500mg/day
B1 (Thiamine)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50mg-8g. Enhances circulation and assists in blood formation, carbohydrate metabolism, and helps digestion. Sources: brewer's yeast, peas, beans, and whole grains.
B2 (Riboflavin)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50-400mg. Required for red blood cell formation, antibody production, cell resiration, and growth. Alleviates eye fatigue and is important in the prevention and treatment of cataracts. Helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, almonds, wheat germ, wild rice, and mushrooms.
B3 (Niacin, Nicotinic Acid, Niacinamide)	Equate Niacinamide 500mg + Swiss Niacin 100mg + multivit 50mg	650mg	1	1 (Niacin)	Range: 250-500mg. Important for carbohydrate metabolism. High levels (1-4g) of Niacin helps to lower LDL and triglycerides, but may impair glucose tolerance and cause liver toxicity. Niacinamide helps lower blood glucose levels. Sources: seeds, yeast, bran, peanuts, wild rice, whole wheat, barley, almonds, and peas. Feb20: Added 400mg/day of Niacinamide. Apr14: For the past few days, I have been feeling very tingly and flushed immediately after taking my supplements, I discovered that I'd bought Niacin by mistake; today, I replaced the Niacin with Niacinamide and the problem has gone! Jun01: Replaced 100mg Swiss Niacinamide with lower-cost Equate 500mg; increased Niacin from 50 to 150mg
B5 (Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50-2000mg. Anti-stress vitamin. Aids vitamin utilization, helps to convert fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into energy. It is an essential element of coenzyme A, which is a vital chemical involved in many metabolic functions. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, peanuts, mushrooms, soybeans, split peas, pecans, oatmeal, sunflower seeds, lentils, rye flour, cashews, other whole grains and nuts.
B6 (Pyridoxine)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Involved in many body functions; helps in absorption of fats and proteins; promotes red blood cell formation; needed for normal brain function and for the synthesis of RNA and DNA; activates many enzymes and helps with the absorption of B12. Sources: brewer's yeast, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, soybeans, walnuts, lentils, lima beans, bananas.
B12 (Cobalamin)	Trophic Sublingual 500mcg + 50mcg multivit	550mcg	-	1	Range: 500-1000mcg. Metformin believed to cause deficiency. Aids folic acid in regulating formation of red blood cells and the utilization of iron. Aids in cell formation and longevity. Required for proper digestion, absorption of foods, synthesis of protein, and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Sources: beef, liver, clams, lamb, sardines, chicken liver, beef kidney, calf liver, trout, salmon, tuna, eggs, whey, and cheese. Feb17: Increased from 50 to 550mcg/day. Mar08: Reduced from 550 to 50mcg/day. Jun01: Increased from 50 to 550mcg/day
Betaine Hydrochloride	multivit	12mg	-	-	Range: 325-650mg. Source of hydrochloric acid that occurs naturally in the stomach. Helps us digest food by breaking up fats and proteins. Also aids in the absorption of nutrients through the walls of the intestines into the blood.
Bilberry Extract (Vaccinium myrtillus)	Natural Factors or Equate (Walmart) 40mg + 100mg Eye Factors	180mg	1	1	Range: 80-160mg, 3 times/day. Source of OPCs (Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins) which decrease blood glucose and triglycerides. Believed to stengthen retina connective tissue and decrease the leakiness and fragility of blood vessels in the eye. Feb17: Increased from 160 to 240mg/day. Feb25: Changed brand from Swiss to Natural Factors because of the use of a Bilberry powder base or Equate because of cost. Mar08: Reduced from 240mg to 80mg/day. Apr01: Increased from 80mg to 180mg/day (100mg from Eye Factors)
Bioflavonoids (Vitamin P)	Quest Super C + multivit	1075mg	-	-	Range: 500-1000mg. Enhances absorption of Vitamin C and works with it to lower cholesterol levels. Includes Hesperidin and Rutin
Biotin	Swiss Plus 300mcg + multivit	2.95mg	5	5	Range: 7-15mg. Promotes metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Biotin improves insulin sensitivity of cells and stimulates an enzyme called glucokinase which is involved in the utilization of glucose in the liver (mutated glucokinase cells are suspected as being a cause of Type 2 Diabetes). Sources: brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, egg yolks, sardines, legumes, liver, cauliflower, bananas, and mushrooms. Feb17: Increased from 550 to 1150mcg/day. May05: Increased from 1.15 to 1.75mg/day. Jun01: Increased from 1.75 to 2.95mg/day
Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)	GlucoBalance 250mg	-	-	-	Range: 100-200mg, 3 times/day. Traditional use for diabetes in India, Africa, and Asia. Regular use lowers blood suger, urine suger, and HbA1c. Jun01: Dropped GlucoBalance
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)	Quest Super C 500mg + multivit (50mg)	2150mg	2	2	Range: 2000-4000mg. Ingredients: C-500mg; Citrus Bioflavonoids-250mg (Hesperidin-50mg; Rutin-50mg; Rosehip extract-50mg). Required for tissue growth and repair; needed for the metabolism of folic acid. Protects against infections and the harmful effects of pollution. May reduce cholesterol levels and high blood pressure. Sources: red chili peppers, sweet peppers, kale, parsley, broccoli, brussel sprouts, watercress, cauliflower, cabbage, strawberries, oranges.
Calcium	Rexall 350mg + multivit (175mg)	875mg	1	1	Range: 400-800mg. Calcium may lower cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, provide energy, and participates in the protein structuring of RNA and DNA. Helps maintain cell membrane permeability. Involved in the activation of enzymes which break down fats for utilization in the body. Sources: milk, cheese, sardines, dark greens, nuts and seeds. Feb20: Increased from 175 to 875mg/day
Carnitine (L-carnitine or acetyl-L-carnitine, ALC)	Feb25: Investigating possible use Apr18: Not needed	-	-	-	Range: 500-1000mg, 3 times daily. Carnitine is an amino acid that the body uses to turn fat into energy. Body usually produces enough, but liver and kidney disease may inhibit production. Too much insulin inhibits its use, which may be one of the causes of body fat accumulation; so more Carnitine may be needed to improve utilization of dietary fat until insulin levels are under control. It is also a natural mood elevator that can help relieve the toxic effects of stress. Sources: meat and dairy products, but supplement may be needed to get therapeutic dosage. Apr18: Not needed unless insulin levels are not under control, or you have liver or kidney problems, or you don't eat meat or dairy products
Carnosine	Feb18: Investigating possible use	-	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Carnosine is a dipeptide that contains the amino acids alinine and histidine. May promote wound healing, act as an antioxidant, and improve the immune system. It's most important action appears to be its anti-glycosylation effect. May be useful in treating or preventing diabetic complications such as cataract, neuropathy, and kidney failure. Sources: lean red meat and poultry.
Choline	multivit	36mg	-	-	Range: 425-550mg. Probably don't need to supplement; enough in food. Aids cholesterol and fat metabolism. Recently recognized as an essential nutrient. Choline is part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which plays a major role in the brain. Sources: egg yolks, legumes, meat, milk, soybeans, and whole grains.
Chromium	Swiss Chromium HVP Chelate Timed Release 500mcg + 25mcg multivit	525mcg	-	1	Range: 0.2-0.6mg. Essential trace element required for normal insulin functioning. For diabetics, may be most important trace element to supplement. Used successfully to control blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Also promotes loss of fat and an increase in lean muscle tissue. Chromium deficiency produces diabetic symptoms. Possible adverse interaction with vanadium. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, whole-wheat bread, wheat bran and germ, rye bread, green pepper, and apples. Apr01: Increased from 225mcg to 625mcg/day. Jun01: Reduced from 625mcg to 525mcg/day
Chromium Picolinate	Advanced Naturals 500mcg	-	-	-	Feb12: Dropped this form of chromium because of cell mutation evidence (see http://www.anndeweesallen.com/dal_ra01.htm)
Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)	Natural Factors 30mg	60mg	1	1	Range: 30-300mg. Central role in making energy from food. Indications that it can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels. Expensive! Sources: all foods, but best are salmon, sardines, beef, peanuts, and spinach; difficult to get therapeutic levels from food
Copper	multivit	2mg	-	-	Range: 1-3mg. Used in the formation of hemoglobin and red blood cells. and works with zinc and vitamin C to form elastin. Involved in energy production. Sources: oysters, nuts, legumes, whole grains, sweet potatoes, and dark greens.
Curcumin (Turmeric)	Organika 500mg	-	-	-	Feb13: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics
Cysteine (L-cysteine)	multivit	0.6mg	-	-	Range: 0-50mg. This amino acid promotes the production of glutathione that is used by both the liver and lymphocytes to detoxify chemicals and other poisons. Cysteine is also a powerful environmental pollutant detoxifier and slows cellular damage caused by aging. It also promotes the burning of fat and the building of muscle. Some possible adverse interaction, when using larger doses, with insulin.
Vitamin D (D2-Ergocalciferol, D3-Cholecalciferol)	multivit	400iu	-	-	Range: 200-600iu. Required for the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus within the intestinal tract. Sources: sunlight and cold-water fish, but usually insufficient.
Vitamin E	Quest + Mixed Tocopherols, 400iu + 50mg multivit	850mg	1	1	Range: 200-800mg. Improves glucose metabolism and tolerance and reduces insulin requirements. Sources: polyunsaturated vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, and whole grains, but need to supplement to get therapeutic level. Mar16: Changed from Swiss to Quest 400mg. Reason? Lower price + Tocopherols (d-Alpha, d-Beta, d-Delta, d-Gamma)
EFA (Essential Fatty Acids, Vitamin F, polyunsaturates)	Swiss Omega Plus, Herbal Select Essential 3-6-9, or Natural Factors Omega Factors, 1200mg	2400mg	1	1	Range: 2-4g. Ingredients: Borage Oil-400mg; Salmon Oil-400mg; Flax Oil-400mg; E-10iu (Omega-3: ALA-232mg, EPA-72mg, DHA-48mg; Omega-6: Linoleic Acid-204mg, GLA-88mg; Omega-9: Oleic Acid-152mg). EFAs reduces blood pressure, lowers cholesterol and triglyceride levels, aids transmission of nerve impules and are needed for the normal functioning of the brain. All cells need EFA for rebuilding and producing new cells. EFA may improve the action of insulin. Diabetics need a GLA supplement because body can't make from linoleic acid found in many foods. Sources: salmon, flaxseeds, borage oil, black current oil, evening primrose oil.
Energy Bars	Shoppers Drug Mart Life SuperBar; Interactive Nutrition SoyOne; Kraft Balance Bar; or President's Choice Equalizer	-	-	-	I bought these bars locally and selected them on the basis of taste and their closeness to the Zone 1/2/3 fat/protein/carbohydrate profile. I occassionally use them to provide a convenient and nutritionally sound meal replacement. The kids love them too! SuperBar (Strawberry/Banana or Chocolate Mint): 193 cals, 5.7/14/22; SoyOne (Raspberry): 245 cals, 6.8/18/28; Balance (Raspberry): 200cals, 6/14/22; Equalizer (Raspberry or Blueberry): 198 cals, 5.8/11/25
Eyebright	200mg Eye Factors	200mg	-	-	Herb used as an eyewash and commonly believed, with little evidence, to stengthen eye and help body dissolve cataracts, heal lesions and conjunctivitis (pinkeye). Apr01: Added 200mg/day as part of Eye Factors
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)	Swiss 500mg + 100mg GlucoBalance	-	-	-	Range: 5-50g. Traditional Indian herbal remedy for diabetes; 15-25g of Fenugreek powder has been shown to reduce fasting blood glucose levels by 30%. Higher level needed to lower glucose levels, but current level may be effective in lowering LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Mar08: Reduced from 1600 to 100mg/day (dropped Swiss 500mg). Jun01: Stopped GlucoBalance
Flaxseed Oil	Flora	-	-	-	Range: 1tsp-2tbs. Contains alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) Omega-3 fatty acid. Used as needed to balance Fat/Protein/Carb (1/2/3) meal ratio; typically, I use 1tbsp with breakfast.
Folic Acid (Folate, Folacin)	Swiss 400mcg + 0.2mg multivit	0.6mg	-	1	Range: 0.4-0.8mg. Folic acid, a B vitamin, is considered a brain food and is needed for energy production and the formation of red blood cells. Deficiency is common. Strengthens immune system by supporting the proper formation and functioning of white blood cells. Functions as a coenzyme in DNA and RNA synthesis and is important for healthy cell division and replication. Involved in protein metabolism. Sources: dark greens, fruits, rice, brewer's yeast, beef liver, beans, soybeans. Apr01: Increased from 0.2mg to 0.6mg/day
Food and Diet	Zone Diet & Fresh Start Metabolism Program	-	-	-	My main meal targets are 15g fat / 30g protein / 45g carbohydrates (note the 1/2/3 ratio and that this equates to 30/30/40% calorie contribution ratios; using 1g fat=9 calories and 1g protein / carbohydrate=4 calories). I try to eat carbohydrates with a low glycemic index
Garlic	Equate Odourless 5mg (5mg=500mg fresh garlic)	20mg	2	2	Maximum: 900mg. Lowers blood pressure and cholesterol, stimulates immune system, is a natural antibiotic, and aids food digestion.
Ginkgo Biloba	Swiss Super or Natural Factors 60mg + 60mg GlucoBalance	120mg	1	1	Range: 120-240mg. Enhances blood circulation and supply of oxygen throughout the body. Also acts as an antioxident, has anti-aging effects, and reduces blood pressure. Jun01: Reduced from 180 to 120mg/day (dropped GlucoBalance)
Ginseng	Jamieson Korean Red (Panex) 250mg	500mg	1	1	Range: 200-800mg, 2 weeks on/off. Traditional Chinese diabetes treatment. Helps lower fasting blood glucose and body weight. Decreases cortisol level, which can interfere with insulin function. Increases use of fatty acids as an energy source which decreases release of glycogen stored in the liver and muscle cells. Low dose may raise blood pressure while a high one may decrease. Mar08: Stopped until Mar22. Apr01: Dropped. Jun01: Started again!
Glucosol	OptioHealth 24mg	48mg	1	1	Range: 16-48mg. Glucosol is a standardized plant extract from the leaves of the Banaba plant (Lagerstroemia speciosa). Helps promote normal blood glucose metabolism. Specifically, the active marker compound of Glucosol, corosolic acid, has been shown to help maintain normal transport of blood glucose into cells. 1999 clinical studies by Dr. William Judy showed significant benefits of Glucosol when taken daily for 30 days at 32 and 48mg per day. Feb17: Investigating as possible addition to supplement list. Ordered from OptioHealth. Feb27: Received Glucosol. Mar03: Started Glucosol. Mar08: Blood glucose levels have dropped by about 20%
Glutathione	Organika 50mg May05: Not needed	-	-	-	Feb18: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics. May05: Glutathione is probably the body�s most important antioxidant, especially for the eyes. Direct glutathione supplementation does not work. Need to support the body�s own glutathione synthesis by supplementing with Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E. Supplementing with 1-5g/day of NAC also increases the body�s glutathione production.
Grape Seed Extract (OPC, PCO)	Equate (Walmart) Plus or Natural Factors 50mg	200mg	2	2	Range: 100-300mg. Helpful for kidneys. Like Bilberry, appears to decrease leakiness and fragility of capillaries by strengthening and repairing connective tissues. Feb17: Increased from 100 to 200mg/day when stopped Pycnogenol. Mar08: Reduced from 200 to 100mg/day. Apr01: Increased from 100mg to 200mg/day
Green Barley	Organika	3g	1tsp	-	Mixed in 250mL (8oz) of tomatoe juice. Green barley contains thousands of enzymes which play an important metabolism role; it also contains a high concentration of the SOD enzyme, which revitalizes cells and reduces their rate of destruction; SOD also neutalizes the most common free radical superoxide. Apr01: Hadn't been taking in pm, so adjusted dosage indication
Gymnema Sylvestre (Gurmar)	270mg GlucoBalance	-	-	-	Range: 400-600mg. Indian herbal treatment for diabetes. At 400mg level, shown to stimulate pancreatic release of insulin, lower blood suger levels and HbA1c, and lower cholesterol and triglycerides. Feb 12: started; will watch blood suger levels over the next week to determine impact. Apr01: No significant impact noticed. Jun01: Dropped GlucoBalance
Iodine (Iodide)	multivit	150mcg	-	-	Range: 150-200mcg. Thyroid gland needs iodine to make the thyroid hormone which maintains normal metabolism in all body cells. It also helps metabolize excess fat.
Inositol (B8)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Helps reduce cholesterol levels, prevent hardening of arteries, helps remove fats from liver, aids in the formation of lecithin and the metabolism of fat and cholesterol. Sources: nuts, seeds, beans, whole grains, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits provide phytic acid which releases inositol in the digestive tract.
Iron	multivit	10mg	-	-	Range: 10-15mg. Needed in the formation of hemoglobin and myoglobin and the oxygenation of red blood cells. Iron is also required for a healthy immune system and energy production. Sources: oysters, meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, dark greens, legumes, egg yolks, nuts, seeds, kelp.
Lecithin	Rexall 515mg + multivit	1036mg	1	1	Range: 350-900mg, 3 times/day. Needed by all cells. Cell membranes which regulate the passage of nutrients into and out of cells, are largely lecithin. Lecithin improves brain function and enables fats, such as cholesterol and other lipids, to be dispersed and removed from the body. Aids in the digestion of fats and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Feb20: Increased from 6 to 1036mg/day.
Lutein	80mg Eye Factors	80mg	-	-	Range: 6-30mg. May help protect our eyes and eyesight by acting as a natural sunblock and by neutralizing free radicals that can damage the eye. May help prevent Cataracts. Apr01: Added 80mg/day.
Magnesium	Jamieson 100mg + 100mg multivit	200mg	-	1	Range: 100-600mg. Transports glucose to cells; regulates how we use food for energy; required for production and release of insulin. Deficiency fairly common. Possible kidney-related problems at levels above 200mg. Sources: kelp, wheat bran, wheat germ, almonds, cashews, brewer's yeast, whole grains, cheddar cheese, sunflower seeds. Apr01: Reduced from 225mg to 200mg/day
Manganese	multivit	5mg	-	-	Range: 3-6mg. Required for protein and fat metabolism and blood glucose regulation. Sources: whole grains, legumes, grape juice, egg yolks, blueberries, peas.
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)	Spring Valley 250mg	500mg	1	1	Range: 70-560mg. Phytochemicals (known as silymarin) from Milk Thistle may prevent damage to, and help heal, the pancreas. Protects kidneys and liver and stimulates production of new liver cells. Apr01: Started.
MSM	Spring Valley 1000mg	-	-	-	Aching joints: MSM related? Feb07: reduced to 1000mg/day. Feb12: Dropped; although joints better, still aching. Feb25: Aching stopped a few days ago.
NAC (N-acetyl cysteine)	May05: Not needed	-	-	-	Range: 250-1500mg/day. NAC increases synthesis of glutathione, possibly the body's most important antioxidant. May05: Investigating possible supplemention benefit. My research indicates that NAC may inactivate insulin; I have concluded that diabetics shouldn't use NAC or the related Cysteine and Cystine.
PABA (Para-aminobenzoic acid)	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 50-400mg. PABA is a basic constituent of folic acid. It acts as a coenzyme in the breakdown and utilization of protein, and assists in the formation of red blood cells. Sources: whole grains and meat.
Papain (Bromelain, Chymotrypsin, Pancreatin, Trysin)	multivit	2mg	-	-	Helps in the digestion of proteins. May help in reducing symptoms of food allergies. May also help with "leaky gut" problems.
Phosphorus	multivit	125mg	-	-	Needed for correct kidney functioning. Assists in the utilization of vitamins and the conversion of food to energy. Don't need to increase dosage; diet adds sufficient. Sources: brewer's yeast, dairy products, eggs, fish, legumes, nuts, meats, poultry, whole grains
Potassium	multivit	40mg	-	-	Range: 200-1200mg. Helps regulate the transfer of nutrients through cell membranes. Don't need to increase dosage; diet adds sufficient. Sources: dairy products, fish, fruit, legumes, meats, poultry, vegetables, whole grains.
Protein	Interactive Nutrition ISOWhey, Just Soy, Complete Vegitarian; or Sisu Body Elite Whey Protein Isolate (use an unsweetened source with a Serving Protein / Weight >87%)	-	-	-	Used as needed to balance Fat/Protein/Carb (1/2/3) ratio. Always eat about 100g protein/day. If you have kidney problems, you may have to limit your protein intake, based on weight (0.25g/lb), to about 20-60g/day; however, if you keep your blood glucose levels within 4-7mmol/L (72-126mg/dl) you needn't be too concerned about how protein affects your kidneys. For other reasons, limit your protein to about 100g/day. Some indications that Whey source may be better supplement choice.
Pycnogenol	Swiss 25mg	50mg	1	1	Range: 50-300mg. Not needed if using Grape Seed; since Pycnogenol is more expensive, will drop when run out. Feb 17: Dropped and increased Grape Seed dosage. Jun01: Started again and will use until run out.
Quercetin	50mg Eye Factors	50mg	-	-	Range: 200-400mg, 3 times/day. A natural antioxidant found in red wine, Quercetin is a bioflavonoid that protects cells against damage by free radicals. Blocks accumulation of sorbitol which damages eyes, nerves and kidneys. May also help prevent cataracts and a wide range of viruses from infecting cells. Sources: red wine, apples, onions. Apr01: Added 50mg/day
Selenium	Equate (Walmart) 50mcg + 25mg multivit	225mcg	2	2	Range: 100-200mcg. Inhibits the oxidation of fats. Needed for pancreatic function and tissue elasticity. Protects immune system by preventing formation of free radicals; may also help protect heart, liver and kidneys. Sources: brewer's yeast, brazil nuts, broccoli, brown rice, chicken, dairy products, kelp, liver, onions, salmon, tuna, vegetables, whole grains. Apr01: Increased from 125mcg to 175mcg/day. May 05: Increased from 175 to 225mg/day
Stevia	Now Foods Stevia Extract, 100, 1g packets	-	-	-	Ingredients: Rice Maltodextrin, Stevia Rebaudiana Extract (stevioside), and Silica. Mar10: Purchased this "dietary supplement" for use instead of artificial sweeteners. There are indications that the daily use of 20-30 drops of water-based whole-leaf Stevia concentrate with meals helps regulate blood sugar levels. I plan to investigate the therapeutic uses of Stevia further. Apr01: Like most artificial sweetners, I find Stevia very sweet and I've been unable to find out how much Maltodextrin per packet it contains; it seems that Maltodextrin can increase your insulin levels, so wouldn't recommend this Stevia combination; look for a Stevia-only product and one based on the whole leaf.
Vanadium	Natural Factors Chromium & Vanadium 50mcg	-	-	-	Range: 10-30mcg. Vanadium is a trace mineral that was used to treat diabetes before discovery of insulin. Deficiency linked to kidney disease. May be helpful in controlling blood glucose. May have adverse interaction with chromium; take at different times? Sources: oats, olive oil, sunflower seeds, corn, green beans, carrots. Jun01: Dropped.
Water	Culligan Aqua Cleer Reverse Osmosis System	2000mL	-	-	I'm currently drinking about 4 x 500mL of water/day filtered by an undercounter reverse osmosis system. Currently investigating claimed benefits of charging water with tachyon energy.
Zinc	multivit	15mg	-	-	Range: 15-30mg. Needed for protein synthesis. It is a part of insulin and many vital enzymes, including SOD. Sources: oysters, seeds, nuts, peas, whole wheat, rye, oats.
Online sources: see webMD, Natural Pharmacist, vitamins, minerals, or herbs. Printed sources: Natural Treatments for Diabetes, Kathi Head, ND; The Age-Free Zone, Barry Sears, PhD; The Super Anti-oxidants, James F. Balch, MD; Prescription for Nutritional Healing: A-to-Z Guide to Supplements, James & Phyllis Balch.