Diabetes Type 2: Supplements

December 2001: These supplements are a refinement of those I took in November 2001.

Supplement (click on for details)	Source	Dosage			Notes (supplements taken after breakfast & dinner)
Supplement (click on for details)	Source	Total	am	pm	Notes (supplements taken after breakfast & dinner)
Metformin (Glucophage)	500mg pill	500mg	-	1	Range: 500-3000mg. Metformin is a biguanide oral agent that lowers blood glocose by preventing the liver from overproducing glucose and lowers the insulin resistance of muscle and fat cells so that they can assimulate insulin better. Metformin also reduces the amount of fat and cholesterol (blood lipids) produced by the liver. Weight loss is associated with larger dosages of Metformin. Side effects: short-term nausea and diarrhea. May cause lactic acidosis (symptoms-very weak or tired, unusual muscle pain or stomach discomfort). Jan0501: reduced from 1000mg to 500mg.
Inhibace (Cilazapril)	5mg pill	10mg	1	1	Prescribed as an ACE inhibitor to help improve the efficiency of my kidneys. Usually prescribed, however, to lower blood pressure. Increased risk of potassium levels in the body becoming too high, or increased effect of insulin on control of blood glucose. Symptoms of too much potassium: confusion; irregular heartbeat; nervousness; numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or lips; shortness of breath or difficulty breathing; weakness or heaviness of legs. Mar15: On advice of MD, increased from 5 to 10mg/day. Jul-Aug: Had reduced from 10 to 5mg/day by mistake. Sep01: Increased from 5 to 10mg/day.
Paxil (Paroxetine)	20mg pill Sep08: Some indication that Paxil may reduce Glutathione (GSH) levels within cells which may be a contributing factor to the onset of Type 2 Diabetes. Ongoing use of Paxil, or any other SRRI, may make it difficult to control blood glucose levels Should Paxil be prescribed for diabetics or those at high risk?	-	-	-	Range: 10-60mg. Prescribed to treat mood swings in June 2000. Paxil belongs to a group of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). These medicines are thought to work by increasing the activity of the chemical serotonin in the brain. Takes a few weeks to work, can be very addictive, and should be stopped by reducing dose by 10%/week while supplementing with a high-bioavailable Whey Isolate protein such as Immunocal/HMS90. Side effects (experienced by me): decreased sexual desire; delayed ejaculation; increased sweating; trouble in sleeping; unusual tiredness and weakness. Withdrawal symptoms (experienced by me): easily agitated; dizziness and lightheadedness; headaches; inability to focus and concentrate; and inexplicable emotional outbursts. Feb01: Reduced from 20mg to 10mg. Feb12: Stopped. Experienced withdrawal symptoms listed above. Feb16: Started again at 20mg/day. Sep08: Reduced to 10mg/day (1/2 pill) while increasing ingestion of Whey protein from 20 to 40mg/day. Sep29: Reduced to 10mg (1/2 pill) every other day. Oct08: Stopped. For more details on my Paxil withdrawal experiences, see the Glutathione section in my CureMe research notes. Nov01: Since I'm still easily agitated and experiencing inexplicable emotional outbursts, I'm considering using St. John's Wort or SAMe
Multivitamin	GNC Ultra Mega Gold time-release Other multivits to consider: Now True Balance; TheraNutria Glucovite (see Jul01)	-	1	1	Ingredients/caplet : A-5000iu (Palmitate); D-200iu (Cholecalciferol); E-150iu (d-alpha Tocopheryl Succinate); C-250mg (Ascorbic Acid); B1-50mg (Thiamine Mononitrate); B2-50mg (Riboflavin); B3-50mg (Niacinamide); B6-50mg (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride); Pantothenic Acid-50mg (Calcium d-pantothenate); Folic Acid-0.2mg; Biotin-50mcg; Calcium-125mg (Carbonate); Magnesium-25mg (Oxide); Iodine-0.05mg (Kelp); Iron-7mg (Ferrous Sulfate); Copper-1mg (Sulfate); Zinc-7.5mg (Oxide); Manganese-5mg (Gluconate); Potassium-5mg (Gluconate); Selenium-25mcg (Yeast); Chromium-50mcg (HVP Chelate); Choline-25mg (Bitatrate); Inositol-25mg. Base: PABA-5mg; 100mcg each of Betaine Hydrochloride, Natural Carotenoid Complex, Citrus Bioflavonoids, Rutin, Hesperidine, Quercetin, Amylase, Lipase, Protease, Apple Pectin, Bee Pectin, Alfalfa, Parsley, Echinacea Purpurea, Watercress. Also contains: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Methylcelluse, Calcium Silicate, Stearic Acid, Magnesium Stearate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Silica. Coated with: Water, Shellac, Maltodextrin, Isopropyl Alcohol, Potassium Hydroxide, Povidone, Propylene Glycol, Oleic Acid, Methyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben, Hydroxpropylmethycellulose, Chlorophyll, Polysorbate 80. Dec01: Started
Burdock & Dandelion	Quest formula Feb13: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics	-	-	-	Ingredients: Burdock Root-90mg; Dandelion Root-90mg; Oregon Grape Root-90mg; Red Clover Blossoms-90mg; Echinacea Angustifolio Root-30mg; Yellow Dock Root-30mg; Cayenne-20mg; Kelp-20mg; Licorice Root-5mg
Chromium & Vanadium	Webber Naturals or Natural Factors 125mcg	-	1	1	Ingredients: Chromium GTF-100mcg; Vanadium-25mcg. Jun01: Dropped but increased Chromium dosage. Sep01: Started again (Webber). Nov01: Plan to drop and use only Chromium GTF when I run out. Why? Possible adverse interaction between Chromium and Vanadium.
Diabetex or GlucoBalance	Webber Naturals or Natural Factors Also consider SISU Balance or Thorne Diabinil (see Jul01)	-	1	1	Ingredients: Gymnema Sylvestre-130mg, Bitter Melon-125mg, Alpha Lipoic Acid-70mg, Fenugreek-50mg, Ginkgo Biloba-30mg. Jul20: Started (cost warranted because of inclusion of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Ginkgo Biloba, other stuff is a free bonus)
EyeFactors or SuperVision	Natural Factors or Webber Naturals Also consider Progressive Research Labs Diabetic Nutrition and Vision Nutrition	-	1	1	Ingredients: Eyebright (4:1)-100mg, Bilberry (5:1)-50mg, FloraGlo Lutein-40mg, multi-anthocyanidinis-15mg, Carrot Juice Powder-25mg, Rutin-25mg, Quercetin-25mg. Apr01: Started. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision
Milk Thistle Extract Formula	Quest	-	-	1	Ingredients: Milk Thistle-480mg, Burdock-155mg, Dandelion-155mg, Licorice-40mg, Wild Yam Root-60mg
Vitamin A	multivit	10,000iu	-	-	Maximum: 3000iu/10000iu. Necessary for new cell growth, slows the aging process, essential for utilization of protein. Some indications that Diabetics may have problems in using Beta Carotene. Deficiency symptoms: allergies, appetite loss, skin blemishes, dry hair, fatigue, itching/burning eyes, loss of smell, night blindness, rough dry skin, sinus trouble, soft tooth enamel, susceptibility to infections. Sources: liver, dairy products, carrots, kale, sweet potatoes, parsley, and spinach. Dec01: Increased A from 2500 to 10,000iu; stopped Beta Carotene (none in new multivit)
Alpha Lipoic Acid (Thioctic Acid)	Exact 100mg + Diabetex/GlucoBalance 70mg	340mg	1	1	Range: 300-600mg. Fat-soluble antioxidant that decreases free radical damage in nerve cells and acts an enzyme co-factor used in energy metabolism. May lower blood suger by improving utilization of glucose. Sources: healthy body makes enough, but diabetes causes deficiency; liver and yeast contain some but supplement needed. Jun01: Decreased from 150 to 100mg/day (dropped GlucoBalance). Jul01: Increased from 100 to 200mg/day. Jul20: Increased from 200 to 340mg/day (140mg from Diabetex/GlucoBalance)
B1 (Thiamine)	multivit	100mg	-	-	Range: 50mg-8g. Enhances circulation and assists in blood formation, carbohydrate metabolism, and helps digestion. Deficiency symptoms: appetite loss, digestive disturbances, fatigue, irritability, nervousness, numbness of hands & feet, pain & noise sensistivity, pains around heart, shortness of breath. Sources: brewer's yeast, peas, beans, and whole grains. Dec01: Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit)
B2 (Riboflavin)	multivit	100mg	-	-	Range: 50-400mg. Required for red blood cell formation, antibody production, cell restoration, and growth. Alleviates eye fatigue and is important in the prevention and treatment of cataracts. Helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Deficiency symptoms: cataracts, cracks & sores in corner of mouth, dizziness, itchy burning eyes, poor digestion, red sore tongue. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, almonds, wheat germ, wild rice, and mushrooms. Dec01: Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit)
B3-Niacin (nicotinic acid)	GNC Inositol Nicotinate 186mg	372mg	-	-	Range: 250-500mg. Important for carbohydrate metabolism. High levels (1-4g) of Niacin helps to lower LDL and triglycerides, but may impair glucose tolerance and cause liver toxicity. Niacin deficiency is rare because body can make from essential amino acid tryptophan found in protein foods (milk and turkey are excellent sources). Deficiency symptoms: appetite loss, canker sores, depression, fatigue, halitosis, headaches, indigestion, insomnia, muscular weakness, nausea, nervous disorders, skin eruptions. Sources: seeds, yeast, bran, peanuts, wild rice, whole wheat, barley, almonds, and peas. Jun01: Increased Niacin from 50 to 150mg. Sep08: Replaced Niacinamide and Niacin with Inositol Nicotinate (Niacin 186mg, Inositol 51mg). Dec01: Decreased from 382 to 372mg (new multivit)
B3-Niacinamide (Nicotinamide)	multivit	100mg	-	-	Range: 250-500mg. Important for carbohydrate metabolism. Niacinamide helps lower blood glucose levels. Feb20: Added 400mg/day of Niacinamide. Apr14: For the past few days, I have been feeling very tingly and flushed immediately after taking my supplements, I discovered that I'd bought Niacin by mistake; today, I replaced the Niacin with Niacinamide and the problem has gone! Jun01: Replaced 100mg Swiss Niacinamide with lower-cost Equate (Walmart) 500mg. Sep08: Replaced Niacinamide and Niacin with Inositol Nicotinate. Dec01: Investigating possibility that high level of Niacinamide could cause an increase rather than a decrease in triglycerides. Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit)
B5 (Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid)	multivit	100mg	-	-	Range: 50-2000mg. Anti-stress vitamin. Aids vitamin utilization, helps to convert fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into energy. It is an essential element of coenzyme A, which is a vital chemical involved in many metabolic functions. Deficiency symptoms: diarrhea, duodenal ulcers, eczema, hypoglcemia, intestinal disorders, kidney trouble, hair loss, muscle cramps, premature aging, respiratory infections, restlessness, nerve problems, sore feet, vomiting. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, peanuts, mushrooms, soybeans, split peas, pecans, oatmeal, sunflower seeds, lentils, rye flour, cashews, other whole grains and nuts. Dec01: Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit)
B6 (Pyridoxine)	multivit	100mg	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Involved in many body functions; helps in absorption of fats and proteins; promotes red blood cell formation; needed for normal brain function and for the synthesis of RNA and DNA; activates many enzymes and helps with the absorption of B12. Deficiency symptoms: acne, anemia arthritis, depression, dizziness, hair loss, irritability, learning disabilities, weakness. Sources: brewer's yeast, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, soybeans, walnuts, lentils, lima beans, bananas. Dec01: Increased from 50 to 100mg (new multivit)
B12 (Cobalamin)	100mcg	400mcg	2	2	Range: 500-1000mcg. Metformin may cause deficiency. Aids folic acid in regulating formation of red blood cells and the utilization of iron. Aids in cell formation and longevity. Required for proper digestion, absorption of foods, synthesis of protein, and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Deficiency symptoms: general weakness, nervousness, pernicious anemia, walking and speaking difficulties. Sources: beef, liver, clams, lamb, sardines, chicken liver, beef kidney, calf liver, trout, salmon, tuna, eggs, whey, and cheese. Feb17: Increased from 50 to 550mcg/day. Mar08: Reduced from 550 to 50mcg/day. Jun01: Increased from 50 to 550mcg/day. Sep01: Reduced from 550 to 450mcg. Oct01: Increased from 450 to 500mcg. Dec01: Decreased from 500 to 400mcg (none in new multivit)
Betaine Hydrochloride	multivit	100mcg	-	-	Range: 325-650mg. Source of hydrochloric acid that occurs naturally in the stomach. Helps us digest food by breaking up fats and proteins. Also aids in the absorption of nutrients through the walls of the intestines into the blood. Dec01: Decreased from 30mg to 100mcg (new multivit)
Bilberry Extract (Vaccinium myrtillus)	Equate (Walmart) 40mg + SuperVision/EyeFactors 50mg	180mg	1	1	Range: 80-160mg, 3 times/day. Source of OPCs (Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins) which decrease blood glucose and triglycerides. Believed to stengthen retina connective tissue and decrease the leakiness and fragility of blood vessels in the eye. Feb17: Increased from 160 to 240mg/day. Feb25: Changed brand from Swiss to Natural Factors because of the use of a Bilberry powder base or Equate because of cost. Mar08: Reduced from 240mg to 80mg/day. Apr01: Increased from 80mg to 180mg/day (100mg from EyeFactors). Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision
Bioflavonoids (Vitamin P)	Quest Super C + multivit 100mcg	1000mg	-	-	Range: 500-1000mg. Enhances absorption of Vitamin C and works with it to lower cholesterol levels. Includes Hesperidin and Rutin.
Biotin	Now 1000mcg + multivit 100mcg	4.15mg	2	2	Range: 7-15mg. Promotes metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Biotin improves insulin sensitivity of cells and stimulates an enzyme called glucokinase which is involved in the utilization of glucose in the liver (mutated glucokinase cells are suspected as being a cause of Type 2 Diabetes). Deficiency symptoms: depression, dry skin, fatigue, grayish skin color, insomia, muscular pain, poor appetite. Sources: brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, egg yolks, sardines, legumes, liver, cauliflower, bananas, and mushrooms. Feb17: Increased from 550 to 1150mcg/day. May05: Increased from 1.15 to 1.75mg/day. Jun01: Increased from 1.75 to 2.95mg/day. Sep01: Increased from 2.95 to 4.05mg. Dec01: Increased from 4.05 to 4.15mg (new multivit)
Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)	Diabetex/GlucoBalance 250mg	250mg	-	-	Range: 100-200mg, 3 times/day. Traditional use for diabetes in India, Africa, and Asia. Regular use lowers blood suger, urine suger, and HbA1c. Jun01: Dropped GlucoBalance. Jul20: Started Diabetex
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)	Quest Super C 500mg + multivit 500mg	2500mg	2	2	Range: 2000-4000mg. Ingredients: C-500mg; Citrus Bioflavonoids-250mg (Hesperidin-50mg; Rutin-50mg; Rosehip extract-50mg). Required for tissue growth and repair; needed for the metabolism of folic acid. Protects against infections and the harmful effects of pollution. May reduce cholesterol levels and high blood pressure. Deficiency symptoms: anemia, bleeding gums, capillary wall ruptures, bruise easily, dental cavities, low resistance to infections, nose bleeds, poor digestion. Sources: red chili peppers, sweet peppers, kale, parsley, broccoli, brussel sprouts, watercress, cauliflower, cabbage, strawberries, oranges. Jul01: Reduced from 2050 to 1050mg/day. Sep01: Increased from 1050 to 2050mg/day. Oct01: Increased from 2050 to 2150mg/day. Dec01: Increased from 2150 to 2500mg (new multivit)
Calcium	Rexall or Jamieson 350mg + multivit 250mg	950mg	1	1	Range: 400-800mg. Don't take more than 500mg at a time and always take with a meal and lots of water. Calcium lowers cholesterol levels and blood pressure, provides energy, and participates in the protein structuring of RNA and DNA. Helps maintain cell membrane permeability. Involved in the activation of enzymes which break down fats for utilization in the body. There is no support for the claim that magnesium or zinc improves absorption. Vitamin D (400-800 IU) is required to maximize the absorption of calcium. Calcium may affect iron absorption, but don't take extra iron unless you know you are deficient. Excessive calcium can cause kidney stones. Also need to select a supplement with a low lead content; only use a citrate or refined carbonate. Deficiency symptoms: heart palpitations, insomnia, muscle cramps, nervousness, arm & leg numbness, tooth decay. Sources: milk, cheese, sardines, dark greens, nuts and seeds. Feb20: Increased from 175 to 875mg/day. Oct01: Reduced from 875 to 825mg/day. Dec01: Increased from 825 to 950mg (new multivit)
Carnosine	Feb18: Investigating possible use	-	-	-	Range: 50-100mg. Carnosine is a dipeptide that contains the amino acids alinine and histidine. May promote wound healing, act as an antioxidant, and improve the immune system. It's most important action appears to be its anti-glycosylation effect. May be useful in treating or preventing diabetic complications such as cataract, neuropathy, and kidney failure. Sources: lean red meat and poultry.
Choline	multivit	50mg	-	-	Range: 425-550mg. Probably don't need to supplement; enough in food. Aids cholesterol and fat metabolism. Recently recognized as an essential nutrient. Choline is part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which plays a major role in the brain. Deficiency symptoms: bleeding stomach ulcers, heart trouble, high blood pressure, impaired liver & kidney function, intolerance to fats. Sources: egg yolks, legumes, meat, milk, soybeans, and whole grains.
Chromium	Webber Chromium & Vandium 200mcg + multivit 100mcg	300mcg	-	-	Range: 0.2-0.6mg. Don't use above 200mcg without the supervision of your doctor. A 1000mcg level of chromium has been shown to be the most effective for diabetics; however, it has health risks associated with it! Excessive chromium is toxic and has been associated with dermatitis, gastrointestinal ulcers, and kidney and liver problems. A safe upper limit is 200mcg/day. Chromium is an essential trace element required for normal insulin functioning. For diabetics, may be most important trace element to supplement. Used to control blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Also promotes loss of fat and an increase in lean muscle tissue. Chromium deficiency produces diabetic symptoms. Possible adverse interaction with vanadium. May cause calcium deficiency; take calcium 2 hours before/after Chromium. Deficiency symptoms: atherosclerosis, glucose intolerance. Sources: brewer's yeast, calf liver, whole-wheat bread, wheat bran and germ, rye bread, green pepper, and apples. Apr01: Increased from 225mcg to 625mcg/day. Jun01: Reduced from 625mcg to 525mcg/day. Jul01: Decreased from 525 to 225mcg. Sep01: Increased from 225 to 475mcg. Oct01: Increased from 475 to 500mcg/day. Nov01: Reduced from 500 to 250mcg/day (stopped Equate GTF). Dec01: Increased from 250 to 300mg (new multivit)
Chromium Picolinate	Advanced Naturals 500mcg	-	-	-	Feb12: Dropped this form of chromium because of cell mutation evidence (see http://www.anndeweesallen.com/dal_ra01.htm)
Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)	Natural Factors or Webber Naturals or Exact (manufactured for Loblaws/Sunfresh by Webber) 30mg	60mg	1	1	Range: 30-300mg. Central role in making energy from food. Indications that it can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels. Expensive! Sources: all foods, but best are salmon, sardines, beef, peanuts, and spinach; difficult to get therapeutic levels from food. Jul20: Increased from 60 to 120mg/day. Sep01: Reduced from 120 to 60mg/day (hadn't noticed any reduction in blood glucose level, so decided to return to a lower level)
Copper	multivit	2mg	-	-	Range: 1-3mg. Deficiency may increase the risk of high cholesterol and heart disease; may be useful as a treatment for osteoporosis. Deficiency symptoms: general weakness, impaired respiration, skin sores. Sources: legumes, nuts, organ meats, seafood, raisins, molasses, bone meal. Dec01: Started (in new multivit)
Curcumin (Turmeric)	Organika 500mg	-	-	-	Feb13: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics
Vitamin D (D2-Ergocalciferol, D3-Cholecalciferol)	multivit	400iu	-	-	Range: 200-600iu. Required for the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus within the intestinal tract. Deficiency symptoms: burning sensation in mouth & throat, diarrhea, insomnia, myopia, nervousness, poor metabolism, soft bones and teeth. Sources: sunlight (30-mins/day) and cold-water fish, but usually insufficient.
Vitamin E	Quest or Now + Mixed Tocopherols, 400iu + multivit 300iu	1100iu	1	1	Range: 200-800iu. Improves glucose metabolism and tolerance and reduces insulin requirements. Deficiency symptoms: dry, dull or falling hair, enlarged prostate gland, gastrointestinal disease, heart disease, impotency, miscarriages, muscular wasting sterility. Sources: polyunsaturated vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, and whole grains, but need to supplement to get therapeutic level. Mar16: Changed from Swiss to Quest or Now 400mg. Reason? Lower price + mixed tocopherols (d-Alpha, d-Beta, d-Delta, d-Gamma). Dec01: Increased from 900 to 1100mg (new multivit)
Echinacea	Swiss Lozenges, 100mg + multivit 100mcg Nov01: I use throughout the day whenever I cough or get a tickle in my throat; I let one dissolve under my tongue	100mcg	-	-	Range: 300-900mg in split doses. Ingredients: Echinacea-100mg, C-100mg, Bee Propolis-50mg, Slippery Elm Bark-10mg. Relieves sore throats and reduces symptoms and duration of colds. Liquid form believed to be more effective. Take at first sign of a cold and continue for 7-14 days. No known benefits for taking in combination with Goldenseal (which is, however, known to speed the healing of wounds when applied topically). No known benefit of taking on an ongoing basis to prevent colds. May cause diarrhea, heartburn, intestinal upset, liver problems, and skin rash. Known interactions with anabolic steriods, Cordarone, Rheumatrex, Nizoral, and Sandimmune.
EFA (Essential Fatty Acids, Vitamin F, polyunsaturates)	Flora Udo's Choice Ultimate Oil Blend 1tbsp=15mL: 135cals/ 14.5g fat/ 0.2g protein/ 0g carb	30mL	1	1	Range: 1tsp-2tbsp. EFA can reduce blood pressure, lower cholesterol & triglyceride levels, aid transmission of nerve impules and are needed for the normal functioning of the brain. All cells need EFA for rebuilding and producing new cells. GLA is converted into prostaglandin E1; AA into prostaglandin E2, and EPA into prostaglandin E3. Omega-6 converted into GLA, DGLA, and AA forms which are converted into prostaglandin E1 which helps stabilize blood glucose and lower cholesterol levels. Omega-3 converted into SDA, EPA, and DHA forms which help with depression and reduce cholesterol and triglycerides. Ratio of 2:1:1 of GLA:EPA:DHA seems to be most effective. Diabetics may be unable to convert EFA properly. Low-levels of EFA may improve the action of insulin. Diabetics need GLA supplement because body can't make from linoleic acid found in many foods. Sources: salmon, flaxseed, borage oil, black current oil, evening primrose oil. Use as needed to balance Fat/Protein/Carb (1/2/3) meal ratio; typically, I use 1tbsp with breakfast and evening meal. Jul01: Started Flora Ultimate Oil Blend (flax Oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, MCT, evening primrose oil, soy lecithin, rice bran & germ oils, oat bran & germ oils, rosemary extract, tocotrienol: blended to provide a 2:1:1 ratio of Omega 3, 6, & 9. 1tbsp: 9.5g polynsaturates, 7g linolenic acid, 2.95g linoleic acid, 2.95g monounsaturates .1.5g saturates, 0g cholesterol). Sep01: Increased from 1 to 2tbsp/day. Sep16: Omega-3 from fish-oil (eg, salmon) may raise blood glucose levels & lower insulin production. Is this true for Omega-3 from vegetarian sources (eg, flaxseed)? Safe level for diabetics? 240mg GLA with 240mg EPA/DHA may be ideal levels and ratio.
Energy Bars	Shoppers Drug Mart Life SuperBar; Interactive Nutrition SoyOne; Kraft Balance Bar; or Loblaws President's Choice Equalizer	-	-	-	I bought these bars locally and selected them on the basis of taste and their closeness to the Zone 1/2/3 fat/protein/carbohydrate profile. I occassionally use them to provide a convenient and nutritionally sound meal replacement. The kids love them too! SuperBar (Strawberry/Banana or Chocolate Mint): 193 cals, 5.7/14/22; SoyOne (Raspberry): 245 cals, 6.8/18/28; Balance (Raspberry): 200cals, 6/14/22; Equalizer (Raspberry or Blueberry): 198 cals, 5.8/11/25
Eyebright	SuperVision/EyeFactors 200mg	200mg	-	-	Herb used as an eyewash and commonly believed, with little evidence, to stengthen eye and help body dissolve cataracts, heal lesions and conjunctivitis (pinkeye). Apr01: Added 200mg/day as part of EyeFactors. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)	GlucoBalance or Diabetex 100mg	100mg	-	-	Range: 5-50g. Traditional Indian herbal remedy for diabetes; 15-25g of Fenugreek powder has been shown to reduce fasting blood glucose levels by 30%. Higher level needed to lower glucose levels, but current level may be effective in helping to lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Mar08: Reduced from 1600 to 100mg/day (dropped Swiss 500mg). Jun01: Dropped GlucoBalance. Jul20: Started Swiss 500mg and Diabetex. Sep01: Reduced from 1100 to 100mg (dropped Swiss) since no impact on blood glucose levels was noticed.
Folic Acid (Folate, Folacin)	Swiss or Jamieson 400mcg + multivit 0.4mg	0.8mg	-	1	Range: 0.4-0.8mg. Folic acid, a B vitamin, is considered a brain food and is needed for energy production and the formation of red blood cells. Deficiency is common. Strengthens immune system by supporting the proper formation and functioning of white blood cells. Functions as a coenzyme in DNA and RNA synthesis and is important for healthy cell division and replication. Involved in protein metabolism. Deficiency symptoms: anemia, digestive disturbances, graying hair. Sources: dark greens, fruits, rice, brewer's yeast, beef liver, beans, soybeans. Apr01: Increased from 0.2mg to 0.6mg/day. Oct01: Increased from 0.6 to 0.8mg/day (from multivit; stopped Swiss/Jamieson 400mcg). Dec01: Started Swiss/Jamieson
Food and Diet	Zone Diet & Fresh Start Metabolism Program	Goal: 1500 calories /day	-	-	My main meal targets are 15g fat / 30g protein / 45g carbohydrates (note the 1/2/3 ratio and that this equates to 30/30/40% calorie contribution ratios; using 1g fat=9 calories and 1g protein / carbohydrate=4 calories). I try to eat carbohydrates with a low glycemic index
Garlic	Quest Odourless Aged Garlic Extract 100mg	400mg	2	2	Maximum: 900mg. Lowers blood pressure and cholesterol, stimulates immune system, is a natural antibiotic, and aids food digestion. May cause intestinal problems and stomach upsets. Known adverse reaction with Warfarin.
Ginkgo Biloba	Webber or Exact 60mg + 60mg Diabetex/GlucoBalance	180mg	1	1	Range: 120-240mg. Enhances blood circulation and supply of oxygen throughout the body. Also acts as an antioxident, has anti-aging effects, and reduces blood pressure. May cause headaches and indigestion. Known adverse reactions with Aspirin, Plavix, Persantine, Ticlid, and Warfarin. May be helpful in counteracting the sexual side-effects of SSRIs. Jun01: Reduced from 180 to 120mg/day (dropped GlucoBalance). Jul01: Increased from 120 to 460mg/day. Aug01: Reduced from 460 to 180mg. Nov01: A controversial report claims that Ginkgo Biloba contains Colchicine which has been linked to birth defects. It appears, however, that the researchers have screwed up because Ginkgo Biloba does not contain Colchicine! See http://www.newhope.com/ news.cfm?news=1037 and http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/ hotnews/18h30155736.html. For the time being, until this confusion has been cleared up, it might be prudent for women who are pregnant or trying to conceive to avoid the use of Ginkgo Biloba.
Ginseng	Natrol 420mg	420mg	-	1	Range: 200-800mg, 2 weeks on/off. Traditional Chinese diabetes treatment. Helps lower fasting blood glucose and body weight. Decreases cortisol level, which can interfere with insulin function. Increases use of fatty acids as an energy source which decreases release of glycogen stored in the liver and muscle cells. Low dose may raise blood pressure while a high one may decrease. Known adverse reactions with Warfarin, Nardil, and Lanoxin. Mar08: Stopped until Mar22. Apr01: Stopped. Jun01: Started again! Jul01: Stopped until Jul28. Aug01: Started Siberian Ginseng
Glucosol	OptioHealth 24mg	48mg	1	1	Range: 16-48mg. Glucosol is a standardized plant extract from the leaves of the Banaba plant (Lagerstroemia speciosa). Helps promote normal blood glucose metabolism. Specifically, the active marker compound of Glucosol, corosolic acid, has been shown to help maintain normal transport of blood glucose into cells. 1999 clinical studies by Dr. William Judy showed significant benefits of Glucosol when taken daily for 30 days at 32 and 48mg per day. Feb17: Investigating as possible addition to supplement list. Ordered from OptioHealth. Feb27: Received Glucosol. Mar03: Started Glucosol. Mar08: Blood glucose levels have dropped by about 20%
Glutathione (GSH)	Organika "Reduced" 50mg	100mg	1	1	Feb18: Investigating possible benefits for Type 2 Diabetics. May05: Glutathione (GSH) is probably the body�s most important antioxidant, especially for the eyes. Direct GSH supplementation may not work; need to support the body�s own GSH synthesis by supplementing with Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E. Sep08: Since I already had some, started 100mg/day in an attempt to raise GSH levels while reducing use of Paxil. Diabetic condition may deplete GSH level and a low level may even be a contributing factor in the onset of diabetes, ongoing difficulty in controlling blood glucose levels, and in the development of complications. High-bioavailable Whey protein (for example, Immunocal and Gluta Syn) has been shown to stimulate GSH synthesis.
Grape Seed Extract (OPC, PCO)	Equate (Walmart) Plus or Webber 50mg	200mg	2	2	Range: 100-300mg. Helpful for kidneys. Like Bilberry, appears to decrease leakiness and fragility of capillaries by strengthening and repairing connective tissues. Feb17: Increased from 100 to 200mg/day when stopped Pycnogenol. Mar08: Reduced from 200 to 100mg/day. Apr01: Increased from 100mg to 200mg/day
Green Barley Grass	Organika	14g	1tbsp	-	Mixed in 250mL (8oz) of tomatoe juice. Barley grass is high in calcium, iron, all the essential amino acids, chlorophyll, flavonoids, B12, C, and many minerals, plus enzymes. The enzymes play vital roles in digestion, tissue reparation, and detoxifying organs such as the lungs, colon, and kidneys. Barley grass also contains a high concentration of Manganese which plays an important role as part of the natural antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), which helps fight damaging free radicals and helps energy and blood glucose control. The SOD enzyme revitalizes cells and reduces their rate of destruction; SOD also neutalizes the most common free radical superoxide. Age and diabetes decreases the amount of SOD in the body. Barley grass can also help heal the pancreatis. Tomatoe juice contains the phytochemical lycopene, which has been shown to reduce the risk or prostate cancer by as much 40%. Apr01: Hadn't been taking in pm, so adjusted dosage indication.
Gymnema Sylvestre (Gurmar)	260mg Diabetex/GlucoBalance	260mg	-	-	Range: 400-600mg. Indian herbal treatment for diabetes. At 400mg level, shown to stimulate pancreatic release of insulin, lower blood suger levels and HbA1c, and lower cholesterol and triglycerides. Feb 12: started; will watch blood suger levels over the next week to determine impact. Apr01: No significant impact noticed. Jun01: Stopped GlucoBalance. Aug01: Started Diabetex
Iodine (Iodide)	multivit	100mcg	-	-	Range: 150-200mcg. Thyroid gland needs iodine to make the thyroid hormone which maintains normal metabolism in all body cells. It also helps metabolize excess fat. Deficiency symptoms: cold hands & feet, dry hair, irritability, nervousness, obesity. Sources: seafood, kelp tablets, iodized salt.
Inositol (B8)	GNC Inositol Nicotinate (meso-inositol hexanicotinate) 102mg + multivit 50mg	254mg	1	1	Range: 50-100mg. Helps reduce cholesterol levels, prevent hardening of arteries, helps remove fats from liver, aids in the formation of lecithin and the metabolism of fat and cholesterol. Deficiency symptoms: high cholesterol, constipation, eczema, eye problems, hair loss. Sources: nuts, seeds, beans, whole grains, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits provide phytic acid which releases inositol in the digestive tract.
Iron	multivit	14mg	-	-	Range: 10-15mg. Needed in the formation of hemoglobin and myoglobin and the oxygenation of red blood cells. Iron is also required for a healthy immune system and energy production. Deficiency symptoms: breathing difficulties, brittle nails, iron deficiency anemia (pale skin & fatigue), constipation. Sources: oysters, meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, dark greens, legumes, egg yolks, nuts, seeds, kelp. Dec01: Increased from 10 to 14mg (new multivit)
Kava (Piper methysticum)	Webber 150mg	600mg	2	2	Maximum: 1000mg/day (assuming 30% kavalactones). Used to treat tension, nervousness, stress, and anxiety (300mg, 3 times/day) and insomnia (600mg, 1-hour before bedtime). Can take 1 to 8 weeks to work. Believed to work by binding to the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmitter that inhibits the activity of nerve cells that cause anxiety. Overuse can dampen men's libido. Can cause drowsiness. High doses can cause ataxia and paralysis. Shouldn't be used by children, pregnant or lactating women, or with other sedatives like antidepressants or barbituates. Works well in combination with St John's Wort. Poor blood glucose control can cause anxiety symptoms, so don't bother taking Kava unless you have good control. Dec01: Started
Lecithin	Jamieson 400mg	800mg	1	1	Range: 350-900mg, 3 times/day. Needed by all cells. Cell membranes which regulate the passage of nutrients into and out of cells, are largely lecithin. Lecithin improves brain function and enables fats, such as cholesterol and other lipids, to be dispersed and removed from the body. Aids in the digestion of fats and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Feb20: Increased from 6 to 1030mg/day. Dec01: Reduced from 1030 to 800mg/day.
Lutein	EyeFactors or SuperVision 80mg	80mg	-	-	Range: 6-30mg. May help protect our eyes and eyesight by acting as a natural sunblock and by neutralizing free radicals that can damage the eye. May help prevent Cataracts. Apr01: Added 80mg/day. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision
Magnesium	Natural Factors 125mg + 50mg multivit	175mg	-	1	Range: 100-600mg. Transports glucose to cells; regulates how we use food for energy; required for production and release of insulin. Deficiency fairly common. Possible kidney-related problems at levels above 200mg. Deficiency symptoms: confusion, disorientation, easily aroused anger, nervousness, rapid pulse, tremors. Sources: kelp, wheat bran, wheat germ, almonds, cashews, brewer's yeast, whole grains, cheddar cheese, sunflower seeds. Apr01: Reduced from 225mg to 200mg/day. Dec01: Reduced from 200 to 175mg (new multivit)
Manganese	multivit	10mg	-	-	Range: 3-6mg. Required for protein and fat metabolism and blood glucose regulation. Plays a particularly important role as part of the natural antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Deficiency symptoms: ataxia (muscle coordination failure), dizziness, ear noises, hearing loss. Sources: whole grains, legumes, grape juice, egg yolks, blueberries, peas. Dec01: Increased from 5 to 10mg (new multivit)
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)	Quest Milk Thistle Extraxt Formula 480mg	480mg	-	-	Range: 70-560mg. Phytochemicals (known as silymarin) from Milk Thistle may prevent damage to, and help heal, the pancreas. Also protects kidneys and liver and stimulates production of new liver cells. Apr01: Started. Jul01: Reduced from 500 to 240mg/day (as part of Sundown Milk Thistle Complex). Nov01: Increased from 240 to 480mg when replaced Sundown with Quest Milk Thistle Extract Formula
NAC (N-acetyl cysteine)	May05: Not needed	-	-	-	Range: 250-1500mg/day. NAC increases synthesis of glutathione, possibly the body's most important antioxidant. May05: Investigating possible supplemention benefit. My research indicates that NAC may inactivate insulin; I have concluded that diabetics shouldn't use NAC or the related Cysteine and Cystine directly but rely on the body to synthesize glutathione with the aid of a high-bioavailable Whey protein supplement.
PABA (Para-aminobenzoic acid)	multivit	10mg	-	-	Range: 50-400mg. PABA is a basic constituent of folic acid. It acts as a coenzyme in the breakdown and utilization of protein, and assists in the formation of red blood cells. Deficiency symptoms: constipation, depression, digestive disorders, fatigue, gray hair, headaches, irritability. Sources: whole grains and meat. Dec01: Decreased from 50 to 10mg (new multivit)
Papain (Bromelain, Chymotrypsin, Pancreatin, Trysin)	multivit	-	-	-	Helps in the digestion of proteins. May help in reducing symptoms of food allergies. May also help with "leaky gut" problems. Dec01: Stopped (none in new multivit)
Potassium	multivit	10mg	-	-	Range: 200-1200mg. Helps regulate the transfer of nutrients through cell membranes. Probably don't need to increase dosage; diet adds sufficient. Deficiency symptoms: acne, continuous thirst, dry skin, constipation, general weakness, insomnia, muscle damage, nervousness, slow irregular hearbeat, weak reflexes. Sources: dairy products, fish, fruit, legumes, meats, poultry, vegetables, whole grains. Dec01: Decreased from 50 to 10mg (new multivit)
Protein	Sisu Body Elite Whey Protein Isolate, unsweetened (30g: 114cal, 0.3g fat, 26.4g protein, 1.5g carb); Interactive Nutrition IsoWhey, unsweetened; or Complete Vegetarian (30g: 108cal, 0g fat, 27g protein, 0g carb)	-	-	-	Used as needed to balance Fat/Protein/Carb (1/2/3) ratio. Always eat about 100g protein/day. If you have kidney problems, you may have to limit your protein intake based on weight (0.25g/lb) to about 20-60g/day; however, if you keep your blood glucose levels within 4-7mmol/L (72-126mg/dL) you needn't be too concerned about how protein affects your kidneys. For other reasons, limit your protein to about 100g/day. Some indications that a Whey protein isolate may be the best supplement choice for boosting your immune system, especially for promoting GSH synthesis. To ensure high absorption, use a Whey protein isolate; don't use a concentrate
Quercetin	EyeFactors or SuperVision 50mg	50mg	-	-	Range: 200-400mg, 3 times/day. A natural antioxidant found in red wine, Quercetin is a bioflavonoid that protects cells against damage by free radicals. Blocks accumulation of sorbitol which damages eyes, nerves and kidneys. May also help prevent cataracts and a wide range of viruses from infecting cells. Sources: red wine, apples, onions. Apr01: Added 50mg/day. Jul01: Replaced EyeFactors with SuperVision
SAMe (S-Adenosylmethionine)	Nov01: Investigating possible benefit when used as an antidepressant	-	-	-	Range: 200-400mg, 3-4 times/day. I saw SAMe mentioned for the first time as an effective, but very expensive ($500/month), treatment for depression (see Overcoming Depression, Sharon Doyle Driedger, Maclean's, November 12, 2001). SAMe is derived from methionine, a sulfur-containing amino acid; and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the body's main energy molecule. The intravenous form of SAMe has been shown to be of benefit in the treatment of osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, liver disease, and Parkinson's disease. The benefit of the oral form of SAMe when used as an antidepressant is far from conclusive. Unless I could get a prescription for it, which is not likely because it is illegal in Canada, I will not even be trying it! Should not be used with any SSRI.
Selenium	Swiss 100mcg + 50mcg multivit	250mcg	1	1	Range: 100-200mcg. Inhibits the oxidation of fats. Needed for pancreatic function and tissue elasticity. Protects immune system by preventing formation of free radicals; may help protect heart, liver and kidneys; may also help prevent prostate cancer. Sources: brewer's yeast, brazil nuts, broccoli, brown rice, chicken, dairy products, kelp, liver, onions, salmon, tuna, vegetables, whole grains. Apr01: Increased from 125mcg to 175mcg/day. May 05: Increased from 175 to 225mg/day. Oct01: Increased from 225 to 250mcg/day (25mcg more in new multivit)
Stevia	Now Foods Stevia Extract, 100, 1g packets or Powder Grow your own Stevia: you can order plants or seeds from Richters	-	-	-	Ingredients: Rice Maltodextrin, Stevia Rebaudiana Extract (stevioside), and Silica. Mar10: Purchased this "dietary supplement" for use instead of artificial sweeteners. There are indications that the daily use of 20-30 drops of water-based whole-leaf Stevia concentrate with meals helps regulate blood glucose levels. I plan to investigate the therapeutic uses of Stevia further. Apr01: Like most artificial sweetners, I find Stevia very sweet and I've been unable to find out how much Maltodextrin per packet it contains; it seems that Maltodextrin can increase your insulin levels, so wouldn't recommend this Stevia combination; look for a Stevia-only product and one based on the whole leaf (like the Now Foods Powder form). Perhaps even grow your own!
St. John's Wort	Natural Factors 300mg (0.3% Hypericin)	600mg	1	1	Range: 300mg, 3 times/day. Used to treat mild to moderate depression. Works like an SSRI, without the side-effects or associated addiction, by maximizing the use of the serotonin neurotransmitter already in the brain. Like an SSRI, it does not increase the amount of serotonin present. Also seems to function as a MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; MAO is an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of serotonin in the brain. Takes about 4 weeks to work. See http://www.consumerlab.com/results/sjw.asp?claffid=100896. May cause dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, digestive problems, and light sensitivity. Works well with Kava. Known to interfere with the actions of Digoxin, Cyclosporine, Zoloft, and oral contraceptives. Should not be used with any SSRI. Nov15: Started as a replacement for Paxil
Vanadium	Webber Chromium & Vanadium 25mcg + multivit 100mcg	150mcg	-	-	Range: 10-30mcg. Vanadium is a trace mineral that was used to treat diabetes before discovery of insulin. Deficiency linked to kidney disease. May be helpful in controlling blood glucose. May have adverse interaction with chromium; take at different times? Sources: oats, olive oil, sunflower seeds, corn, green beans, carrots. Jun01: Dropped. Aug01: Started Webber. Oct01: Increased from 50 to 150mcg (100mcg in new multivit)
Water	Culligan Aqua Cleer Reverse Osmosis System	2000mL	-	-	I'm currently drinking about 4 x 500mL of water/day filtered by an undercounter reverse osmosis system. Currently investigating claimed benefits of charging water with tachyon energy.
Zinc	multivit	15mg	-	-	Range: 15-30mg. Needed for protein synthesis. It is a part of insulin and many vital enzymes, including SOD. Deficiency symptoms: fatigue, loss of taste, poor appetite, prolonged wound healing, sterility. Sources: oysters, seeds, nuts, peas, whole wheat, rye, oats. Dec01: Increased from 10 to 15mg (new multivit)
Online sources: see webMD, Natural Pharmacist, vitamins, minerals, or herbs. Printed sources: Natural Treatments for Diabetes, Kathi Head, ND; The Age-Free Zone, Barry Sears, PhD; The Super Anti-oxidants, James F. Balch, MD; Prescription for Nutritional Healing: A-to-Z Guide to Supplements, James & Phyllis Balch.